SWERTIYA CHIRAYATA | karaya

Classification of SWERTIYA CHIRAYATA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Gentianales

Family: Gentianaceae

Genus: Swertia

Common names of swertiya chirayata:-nelabevu,kirata-tikta,nila vembu,chirata..

NATURE:-It is a herb with height of 1.6 cm. The plant prefers light , medium and heavy soils.

LEAVES:-Leaves are mostly appears in opposite pairs, about 12 cm long, withought stalk.

FLOWERS:-Flowers are mostly pale green , tinged with purple. Itsflowering appears from September to October.

FRUITS:-Fruits are likely8 mm long and ovoid in shape.

MEIDCINAL USES:-chirayata is known as its bitter properties.it is given in malerial fever.it is given in fever and weakness. It is well known for its stomachal property also. It also contains xanthones, which are reputedly effective against malaria and tuberculosis, and also amarogentin, a glycoside that may protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

STERCULIYA URENS | karaya

STERCULIYA URENS karaya

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malvales

Family: Sterculiaceae

Genus: Sterculia

COMMON NAMES OF STERCULIYA URENS:-gulu, karai, kandol, thondi,kulu,ponaku

NATURE:-It is a normal size deciduous tree, Noticeable in an unpleasant way in the forest by its white or greenish-white and shining and also by the smooth paper bark.

LEAVES:-Leaves are mostly crowded at the end of the branches, which is in diameter by 25-45 cm,with their shallowely 5-lobed,with densely hairy on under surface.

FLOWERS:-Flowers are mostly yellowish –brown in colour, small ..in large with very densely hairy erect bunches.

FRUITS:-Fruits are mostly thick in size and they are in red carpels densely covered with stinging hairs.

MEDICINAL USES:-The gum release from the stem of the tree has its medicinal uses:, that is called karaya gum.that is used as a mechanical purgative.the karaya gum when applied to the skin has a softer

Softer action than tragacanth gum. The wood of this tree is used for mostly domestic purpose.. like a doors ,paking cases, carving etc.. the seeds of the plants are nontoxic. The gum is eaten in East Indian cookery (curries).

Bilimbi | Averrhoa

BILIMBI ( Averrhoa)

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Oxalidales

Family: Oxalidaceae

Genus: Averrhoa

Species: bilimbi

it is essentially a tropical tree, which has lower resistant to cold than the carambola, it grows most of in rich and

well-drained soil. It favours mostly distributed rainfall throughout the year, .. this tree requires protection from wind and cold.



Nature:
The bilimbi tree is long-lived, reaches 2-3 m in height. Its trunk is short and quickly divides up into branching. Bilimbi

Leaves:-

leaves, 6-49 cm long,and they are alternate, imparipinnate and cluster at branch extremities. There are around 9 to 16

Flowers:-

Its flowers, like its fruits, are found in hairy panicles that directly emerge from the trunk as well as from the oldest, most solid branches. The yellowish or purplish flowers are tiny, fragrant and have 5 petals.

fruits:-

The bilimbi fruit's form ranges from ellipsoid to almost cylindrical. Its length is 4-10 cm. The bilimbi is 5-sided, but in a less marked way than the carambola. At the stem's end, the fruit is capped with a star-shape calyx. If unripe, it is bright green and crispy. It turns yellowish as it ripens. The flesh is juicy, green and extremely acidic. The fruit's skin is glossy and very thin
Seeds are small (4 mm) and brown. They are form is disc-like and flattened


Medicinal uses:-

mostly the leaves serve as a paste on itches, swelling, rheumatism, mumps or skin eruptions. In or to another place, they re used for bites of poisonous creatures. A leaf infusion is efficient against or as an after-birth tonic,.

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM | Bijasal

PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM(Bijasal)

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily: Faboideae

Tribe: Dalbergieae

Genus: Pterocarpus

Species: P. marsupium

COMMON NAME:-Bijasal,Bibla,Honi,Vengai

OPERCULINA TURPETHUM | nishottra| PITHORI | NSHTAR | NISOT | NISHOTTRA | NISOTI | TELLATEGADHA

OPERCULINA TURPETHUM

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Solanales

Family: Convolvulaceae

Genus: Operculina

Species: O. turpethum

COMMON NAME:-PITHORI, NSHTAR, NISOT, NISHOTTRA, NISOTI, TELLATEGADHA

Nature:-It isa large twining herb with milky juice: root long

PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA | BAKHUCHI

PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

Subfamily: Faboideae

Tribe: Psoraleeae

Genus: Psoralea

Common Name:-Bachi, latakasturi,sugandha kantak,kala gija,bakhuchi…

Nature:-It is an posture herb, and with densely glands –dotted branches.

Leaves:-Mostly leaves are round in shape, dotted with black glands on the both surfaces.

Flowers:-Flowers are small, bluish purple , with 12-35 bunches , arising in axile of leaves.

Fruits:-mostly FRUITS ARE BLACK,ROUND IN SHAPE WITH CLOSELY PITTED;; SEED ONE , SMOOTH.

MEDICINAL USES:-SEEDS OF THIS PLANTS COMPOSE THE DRUG.

The seed contain an essential oil which is very effective on certain bacteria causing skin disease. Roots of the plants are reporetd to be useful in caries of teeth: and the leaves in diarrhea

INDIAN PODOPHYLLUM | PADWAL

INDIAN PODOPHYLLUM

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Ranunculales

Family: Berberidaceae

Genus: Podophyllum

Species: P. hexandrum

COMMON NAME:-Banbaigan, Papri, Venivel, Padwal

Nature:- it’s a erect herb with a creeping rootstock.

Flower:-Flower bearing branch is erect, leafy at the top: leaves two with 15-25 cm diameter, deeply divided in 3-5 lobes. Flowers 2.5 -5 cm diameter, white or pinkish, with cup shaped, usually solitary.

Fruits:-Fruit ovoid, 2.5 -5 cm scarlet.

Medicinal uses:-The dried rhizomes of the plants are used in medicine .

The rhizomes contains a resin podophyllin. It is purgative: its action is slow but severe and a large doses can cause acute irritation and griping..

PERGULARIA | Karail

PERGULARIA

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Subclass: Asteridae

Order: Gentianales

Family: Apocynaceae

Subfamily: Asclepiadaceae

Genus: Pergularia

common name:- sadovani, karail, yagaphala,veliparti. etc..

Nature:-it is a herb.stem is hairy nad with milky juice.

Leaves:-Leaves are 4-6 cm long, sometimes more, ovate or round, hairy on lower surface, deeply chordate at base.

Flowers:-Flowers are mostly pale in colour , small, in short clusters.

Fruits:-Fruits are reflexed in pairs, and reflexed in pairs 5-8 cm long,1.4 cm broad,which is covered with spinous outgrowths.

Medicinal uses:-Mostly every part of the plants are used in as medicine

the juice of the leaves is given in catarrhal affection and infantilediarrhoea. It forms a constituent of a purgative preparation given in rheumatism .

Harmer | Peganum harmala | wild rue

classification of Peganum harmala

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Sapindales

Family: Nitrariaceae

Species: P. harmala

Common name:- harmer, isband, gandhya, wild rue.

Nature:- it is a shrub about 35-85 cm high.

Leaves:-leaves are mostly 5 to 8 cm long, which is divided into a large indefinite narrow segments.

Flower:-flowers are mostly in 2-3 cm diameter, white in colour which is single in axiles of leaves.

Fruits:- fruits are capsular,having sphere in shape and almost 5-8 mm in diameter,deeply lobed.seeds 3-4 mm long , brownish of , of various shapes and with rediculated seed coat.

Medicinal uses:-the seeds contain several alkaloids and are useful in asthma,fever, jaundice and complains of difficult and menstruation. They are used also as narcotic and emetic.

The seeds yield a red dye . Powdered roots mixed in mustard oil kill lice in hair. The plant, kept in a room repels mosquitoes

CINNAMOMUM VERUM | DALCHINI

CINNAMOMUM VERUM(DALCHINI)

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Laurales

Family: Lauraceae

Genus: Cinnamomum

Species: C. zeylanicum

LOCAL NAME:-DALCHINI,

LAVANGPATI,

DARUSHILA

NATURE

:-It is a evergreen tree.

LEAVES

:-Leaves are large, elliptical, thick leathery and pointed at the tip. leaves are lighter in colored beneath

FLOWERS:Fowers are minute in large hairy clusters.

FRUITS:-Fruits are elliptical and about 1.8 cm long with dark purple.

LOCATION:-Mostly occurs in lower elevation even below 250m.

MEDICINAL USES

:-Its useful in vomiting. IT is commonly used as a coding

The oil obtained from the bark is called cinnamon. Bark oil. its used s a carminative. The oil obtained from the leaves is used as a flavorings agent and preservative for the sweets, soap etc. and local application on certain rheumatic pains.. other species CAMPHOR used in other way. and C.CAMPHORA, C.TAMALA IS USEFUL.