Diospyros chloroxylon | Nensi , Ninai

Diospyros chloroxylon, commonly known as "East Indian ebony" or "calamander wood," is a species of tree native to the Indian subcontinent, including India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia. It is a member of the Ebenaceae family and is well-known for its valuable wood, which has been used in various applications. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Diospyros chloroxylon:

1. Appearance:

Diospyros chloroxylon is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can reach heights of up to 20 meters.

The leaves are simple, elliptical to oblong in shape, and have a glossy appearance.

The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers.

2. Timber:

The heartwood of Diospyros chloroxylon is highly prized for its durability, attractive grain patterns, and dark color.

It is used in high-end woodworking, particularly for making furniture, cabinetry, veneers, and decorative items.

The wood is known for its lustrous finish and has been used historically in fine craftsmanship.

3. Conservation Concerns:

Diospyros chloroxylon has faced overharvesting for its valuable timber, leading to conservation concerns in some regions.

In many areas, there are efforts to regulate and sustainably manage its harvest to ensure its continued existence.

4. Cultural Significance:

The wood of Diospyros chloroxylon has been historically associated with luxury and high-quality craftsmanship.

It has been used in making fine musical instruments, such as pianos and violins.

5. Environmental Role:

The tree species plays a role in supporting local ecosystems by providing habitat and food for various wildlife species.

6. Traditional Uses:

In traditional medicine, various parts of the tree, including the bark and leaves, have been used for their potential medicinal properties.

7. Timber Trade Restrictions:

Due to concerns about overharvesting and illegal logging, trade restrictions and regulations are in place in some countries to protect Diospyros chloroxylon.

Diospyros chloroxylon, with its valuable timber and fine grain patterns, has been a sought-after wood in various applications, particularly in the realm of woodworking and craftsmanship. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the sustainable use of this tree species and to protect its natural habitat.

Diospyros chloroxylon with Family and common names

Family—Ebenaceae.

Common names :- Nensi , Ninai.

A small tree; common about Surat in Gujarat and in the Nasik district. Fruit, globose, size of a cherry, purplish when ripe, is eaten and is very palatable.

Medicinal plants | Pictures

Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years to treat various ailments and maintain health. They contain bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. Here are some common medicinal plants and their uses:

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller): Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera is used topically to treat skin conditions like burns, cuts, and sunburns.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Ginger has anti-nausea and anti-inflammatory properties. It's commonly used to alleviate nausea, motion sickness, and digestive issues.

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea): Echinacea is believed to boost the immune system and reduce the severity and duration of colds and respiratory infections.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita): Peppermint is used for digestive issues, such as indigestion, bloating, and gas. It may also help with headaches and sinus congestion.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): Lavender essential oil is known for its calming and relaxing effects. It's used in aromatherapy to reduce stress and promote better sleep.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla): Chamomile has anti-inflammatory and calming properties. It's used to treat insomnia, anxiety, and digestive discomfort.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Turmeric contains curcumin, a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. It's used to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, and support joint health.

Garlic (Allium sativum): Garlic has antimicrobial and immune-boosting properties. It's used to lower cholesterol, manage blood pressure, and enhance the immune system.

Ginseng (Panax ginseng): Ginseng is believed to improve energy levels, boost cognitive function, and reduce stress.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): St. John's Wort is used to treat mild to moderate depression and anxiety.

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus): Eucalyptus oil is used for its decongestant and antimicrobial properties. It's commonly used in inhalations and chest rubs to relieve respiratory symptoms.

Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum): Milk thistle is known for its liver-protective properties and is used to support liver health and detoxification.

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis): Valerian root is used as a natural remedy for insomnia and anxiety.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Fenugreek seeds are used to regulate blood sugar levels and promote lactation in breastfeeding mothers.

Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgo biloba): Ginkgo is used to improve memory and cognitive function and is often used by people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia.

It's important to note that while many medicinal plants offer potential health benefits, they can also interact with medications or have side effects. Consult with a healthcare professional before using medicinal plants, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medication. Additionally, some plants can be toxic if consumed in large quantities, so use them with caution and in moderation.

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Diospyros Montana| Tendu , Balkuniki , Temburni

Diospyros montana, commonly known as the "Himalayan persimmon" or "wild ebony," is a species of tree native to the Himalayan region and other parts of South Asia. It belongs to the family Ebenaceae. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Diospyros montana:

1. Appearance:

Diospyros montana is a medium-sized to large evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 30 meters.

The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical to oblong in shape, with a glossy dark green color.

The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are typically greenish-white in color.

2. Fruit:

The fruit of Diospyros montana is known as the "Himalayan persimmon."

It is a small, round fruit that turns yellow or orange when ripe.

The fruit is edible and has a sweet and slightly astringent taste.

In some regions, the fruit is consumed fresh or used in making jams and preserves.

3. Timber:

The wood of Diospyros montana is highly valued for its durability and strength.

It is used in various applications, including making furniture, cabinetry, and agricultural implements.

The wood is often referred to as "ebony" due to its dark and dense nature.

4. Traditional Uses:

Different parts of the tree, including the bark and leaves, have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures for their potential medicinal properties.

In some traditional practices, the bark has been used to treat digestive issues and skin conditions.

5. Environmental Role:

Diospyros montana plays a role in supporting local ecosystems by providing habitat and food for various wildlife species.

6. Conservation:

The tree species is not considered globally threatened, but localized overharvesting for timber and habitat loss in some regions may warrant conservation efforts.

7. Cultural Significance:

In some regions, the tree holds cultural and religious significance and may be associated with traditional practices and beliefs.

Diospyros montana is a versatile tree with a range of practical uses, including its timber, edible fruit, and potential medicinal applications. Its durable wood and cultural significance make it an important species in various parts of South Asia, including the Himalayan region.

Family—Ebenaceae.

Common names :Tendu , Balkuniki , Temburni.

seasonal tree, throughout the deciduous |

tin State, common on the N. Kanara Ghats. Fruit globosi

I large cherry, yellow when ripe, bitter, not edible.

Eugenia Corymbosa | Hanlavang, Nimbuli

Eugenia corymbosa, commonly known as "brush cherry" or "Australian brush cherry," is a species of evergreen tree or shrub that belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is native to Australia, particularly the eastern coastal regions, and is known for its attractive foliage and edible fruit. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Eugenia corymbosa:

1. Appearance:

Eugenia corymbosa typically grows as a small to medium-sized tree or shrub.

The leaves are glossy, lance-shaped, and arranged opposite each other on the branches.

The tree produces small, white to cream-colored flowers that are often followed by fruit.

2. Edible Fruit:

One of the notable features of Eugenia corymbosa is its edible fruit.

The fruit is small, about the size of a cherry, and can be red or purple when ripe.

It has a sweet and slightly tart flavor and is often eaten fresh or used in jams and preserves.

3. Ornamental Plant:

Eugenia corymbosa is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes.

It is valued for its attractive foliage, which includes glossy green leaves.

The plant can be pruned and shaped into hedges or topiaries.

4. Wildlife Attraction:

The fruit of Eugenia corymbosa is known to attract birds, making it a popular choice for bird enthusiasts.

5. Medicinal Uses:

Some traditional Indigenous Australian communities have used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes.

The leaves have been used for their potential antimicrobial properties.

6. Environmental Role:

The plant plays a role in supporting local ecosystems by providing habitat and food for wildlife.

7. Conservation:

Eugenia corymbosa is not considered globally threatened, but like many native plant species, it may face habitat loss and other threats in some regions.

Eugenia corymbosa is a versatile plant with both ornamental and practical uses. Its attractive appearance, edible fruit, and potential medicinal properties make it a valued plant in its native Australia and a popular choice for landscaping and gardening in other regions with suitable climates.

Family—Myrtaceas.

Common names : Hanlavang, Nimbuli.

A small tree ; throughout the Konkan and N. Kanara.

Fruit globose, size of a large.

Balanites roxburghii | image | Hingu , Ingiluka ,Hinganbet

Balanites roxburghii

Scientific classification of Balanites roxburghii
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Zygophyllales
Family:	Zygophyllaceae
Genus:	Balanites
Species:	B. roxburghii

Common names . Hingu , Ingiluka ,Hinganbet.

A spiny shrub or a small tree growing throughout the driest parts of the State on open situations.

Young leaves and twigs are eaten by cattle

Balanites roxburghii, commonly known as desert date, is a tree species native to various arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and the Indian subcontinent. It is a versatile and hardy plant that has several practical uses and is of ecological and economic importance. Here are some key characteristics and information about Balanites roxburghii:

Plant Description: Balanites roxburghii is a medium-sized, evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 10 meters (about 33 feet). It has a characteristic umbrella-shaped crown and compound leaves with leaflets.

Fruits: The most notable feature of Balanites roxburghii is its fruit, which is commonly known as desert date. The fruit is a small, ovoid drupe that turns from green to yellow when ripe. The fruit contains a single large seed and has a sweet, edible pulp. It is an important food source in arid regions.

Habitat: Desert date is well adapted to arid and semi-arid environments and can be found in a variety of habitats, including deserts, scrublands, and savannas. It is known for its ability to thrive in harsh, dry conditions.

Culinary Uses: The edible fruit of Balanites roxburghii is consumed by both humans and livestock. It is often eaten fresh or dried and can be used to make traditional dishes, jams, and beverages. The oil extracted from the seeds is also used in cooking and as a source of lighting.

Traditional Medicine: Various parts of the tree, including the bark, leaves, and fruit, have been used in traditional medicine by indigenous communities. They are believed to have medicinal properties and have been used to treat a range of ailments.

Wood: The wood of Balanites roxburghii is durable and resistant to termites, making it valuable for construction and woodworking. It is used for making furniture, agricultural implements, and tools.

Conservation: While not necessarily considered endangered, the conservation status of Balanites roxburghii may vary by region due to habitat degradation and overexploitation.

Other Names: Balanites roxburghii is known by various regional names, including "desert date," "soapberry tree," and "Hingot."

Albizia lebbeck | Albizzia amara | Albizia stipulata | Albizia odoratissima | Shirish

Scientific classification of Albizia lebbeck
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Genus:	Albizia
Species:	A. lebbeck

Common names: Gujrati. Kaloshirish;
Hindi. Kalshish;
Sirisa;
Marathi. Shirish.
A tall deciduous tree growing throughout the State in dry and moist forests; planted along road-side.
Leaves are eaten by cattle.

.

Scientific classification of Albizzia amara
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Mimosoideae
Tribe:	Ingeae
Genus:	Albizia

Common names :-Tugli; Marathi. Lullai.
A middle-sized deciduous tree growing throughout the State in ' dry forests.
Leaves are eaten by cattle.

Albizia odoratissima  | Kala-shirish 

Family—Mimosaceae.
Common names :-
Gujrati. Kalo-serasio ;
Hindi. Siris ;
Marathi. Kala-shirish.
A tall, almost evergreen tree common in the moist forests of the Konkan and N. Kanara, and also in the dry Deccan. Young branches arc eaten by cattle.

Albizia stipulata

Family—Mimosaceae.
Commmon names :-
Gujrati. Shamber ;
Hindi. Siran ;
Marathi. Udal.
A large evergreen tree common in the evergreen forests of the Fodder P
Konkan and N. Kanara ghats.
Young branches arc eaten by cattle.

Anogeissus latifolia | Dabria | Dhava | Dhavda | images

Scientific classification of Anogeissus latifolia | Dabria

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Myrtales

Family: Combretaceae

Genus: Anogeissus

Species: A. latifolia

Coomon names

Gujrati. Dabria;

Hindi. Dhava;

Marathi. Dhavda.

A large deciduous tree; very common throughout the State, usually in dry deciduous forests.

Leaves are eaten by cattle.

Anogeissus latifolia, commonly known as the "Indian gum arabic tree" or "axlewood," is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree native to various regions of South Asia, including India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. It is a member of the Combretaceae family. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Anogeissus latifolia:

1. Appearance:

Anogeissus latifolia is a tall tree that can reach heights of up to 20-30 meters.

The leaves are simple, alternate, and broadly elliptical, with prominent veins.

The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are usually greenish or yellowish.

2. Timber:

The wood of Anogeissus latifolia is highly valued for its durability and strength.

It is commonly used in construction, including for building houses, bridges, and furniture.

The wood is resistant to termites and other pests, making it a popular choice for various applications.

3. Medicinal Uses:

Different parts of the tree, including the bark and leaves, have been used in traditional medicine systems for their potential medicinal properties.

In traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), the bark of Anogeissus latifolia has been used to treat various ailments, including diarrhea, dysentery, and skin conditions.

The bark is known for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.

4. Environmental Role:

Anogeissus latifolia plays a role in supporting local ecosystems, as it can provide habitat and food for various wildlife species.

The tree is often found in dry, deciduous forests and can tolerate arid conditions.

5. Conservation:

The tree species is not currently considered globally threatened, but localized overharvesting for timber and habitat loss in some regions may warrant conservation efforts.

6. Cultural and Traditional Uses:

In some regions of India, the leaves of Anogeissus latifolia are used to make plates and cups, which are biodegradable and have been used for centuries.

Anogeissus latifolia is a versatile and valuable tree with a range of practical uses, including its timber, traditional medicine applications, and ecological role in supporting local ecosystems. Its strong and durable wood has made it a popular choice in construction and carpentry in its native regions.

Boswellia serrata | Dhup | Salgond | Guggula | Salai.

Boswellia serrata, commonly known as Indian frankincense, is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree native to India, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Northern Africa. This tree belongs to the family Burseraceae and is well-known for the resin it produces, which has been used for its medicinal properties for centuries. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Boswellia serrata:

1. Appearance:

Boswellia serrata is a relatively small tree that can grow up to 8 meters in height.

The leaves are pinnate, with several leaflets, and they are typically compound in structure.

The tree produces small, pale white to yellow flowers.

2. Medicinal Uses:

The resin obtained from the bark of Boswellia serrata, known as Indian frankincense or olibanum, has been used in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and traditional Indian folk medicine.

The resin is known for its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain-relieving) properties.

It has been used to treat various ailments, including joint pain and inflammation, arthritis, and digestive disorders.

Boswellia serrata supplements, often in the form of capsules or tablets, are available and used for their potential health benefits.

3. Aromatherapy:

The essential oil extracted from Boswellia serrata resin is used in aromatherapy for its calming and soothing properties.

4. Environmental Role:

The tree plays a role in supporting local ecosystems, and it is often found in arid and semi-arid regions.

5. Conservation:

While not globally threatened, localized overharvesting for resin and habitat loss in some regions may warrant conservation efforts.

Boswellia serrata resin, often referred to as Indian frankincense, is a valuable natural product with a history of traditional use in medicine and aromatherapy. Its potential anti-inflammatory properties make it a subject of interest in modern research as well.

Common names :-Gujrati. Dhup; Hindi. Salgond -Guggula; Matrathi. Salai.

Anthocephalus cadamba | Kadamb

Anthocephalus cadamba, commonly known as kadamba, is a fast-growing, tropical tree belonging to the Rubiaceae family. This tree is native to South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Anthocephalus cadamba:

1. Appearance:

Anthocephalus cadamba is a large, evergreen or semi-deciduous tree that can reach heights of 20 to 40 meters.

The leaves are simple, opposite, and elliptical, with prominent veins.

The tree produces fragrant, orange-yellow flowers in dense, globular clusters.

2. Timber:

The wood of the kadamba tree is highly valued for its timber, which is used in various construction applications, including making furniture, plywood, and boat building.

The timber is known for its durability and resistance to termites.

3. Medicinal Uses:

In traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and traditional Indian folk medicine, various parts of the Anthocephalus cadamba tree have been used for their potential medicinal properties.

The bark and leaves have been used to treat ailments such as fever, diarrhea, and skin conditions.

The tree is also known for its antimicrobial properties.

4. Religious and Cultural Significance:

The kadamba tree is considered sacred in Hinduism and is associated with Lord Krishna, often depicted with a kadamba flower.

Kadamba flowers are used in religious rituals and as offerings to deities in Hindu temples.

5. Agroforestry:

Anthocephalus cadamba is sometimes used in agroforestry systems to provide shade, improve soil fertility, and support the growth of other crops.

6. Environmental Role:

The tree is valuable for its ability to reduce soil erosion and stabilize riverbanks in riparian areas.

7. Conservation:

While Anthocephalus cadamba is not globally threatened, localized overharvesting for timber and habitat loss in some regions may warrant conservation efforts.

The kadamba tree holds cultural and religious significance in addition to its practical uses in construction, traditional medicine, and agroforestry. Its fragrant flowers and large, towering canopy make it a distinctive and cherished tree in many parts of its native range.

Common names:-Hindi. Karam ;

Marathi. Kadamb.

Large deciduous tree; common near villages throughout the Konkan; often cultivated ;

rare in N. Kanara forests.

Leaves are eaten by cattle.

Bridelia retusa | Gauh | Garige | Asana.

Bridelia retusa, commonly known as "kukkutandatvak" or "dhaman" in various parts of India, is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae. This tree is native to various regions of Asia, including India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Bridelia retusa:

1. Appearance:

Bridelia retusa typically grows to a height of 4 to 8 meters, although it can sometimes reach up to 15 meters.

The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical to ovate in shape, with serrated margins.

The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are either greenish-white or yellowish-green.

2. Medicinal Uses:

In traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and traditional Indian folk medicine, various parts of the Bridelia retusa tree have been used for their potential medicinal properties.

Different parts of the tree, including the leaves, bark, and roots, have been used to treat a range of ailments, such as skin conditions, diarrhea, dysentery, and respiratory problems.

The bark is known for its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties and is used in various herbal remedies.

3. Timber:

The wood of Bridelia retusa is used for various purposes, including making furniture, agricultural implements, and firewood.

4. Fodder:

The leaves of the tree are used as fodder for livestock.

5. Environmental Role:

Bridelia retusa plays a role in ecosystem restoration, as it can help improve soil fertility and support the growth of other plant species.

6. Conservation:

Like many other tree species, Bridelia retusa faces habitat loss and overexploitation, and conservation efforts may be needed in certain areas to protect it.

7. Cultural Significance:

In some regions of India, the tree is considered sacred and is associated with traditional rituals and customs.

Bridelia retusa is a versatile tree with a history of traditional use in medicine and other practical applications. Its potential medicinal properties have made it a valuable resource in traditional healing systems in various parts of South Asia.

Family—Euphoibiaceas.

Common names :—G. Asana; A. Gauh; K. Garige ; M. Asana.

A moderate-sized deciduous tree growing throughout the State in deciduous forests; tolerably common in the Deccan and Konkan hills.

Leaves are eaten by cattle.

Buchanania lanzan | Charpoppu ,Charoli

Common names:- Charoli , Char , Charpoppu ,Charoli.
A moderate-sized deciduous tree growing throughout the State in open deciduous forests.
Leaves are eaten by buffaloes.

Buchanania lanzan, commonly known as chironji or charoli, is a small deciduous tree native to India and some other parts of South Asia. The tree belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, and it is primarily known for its seeds, which are edible and have various culinary and medicinal uses. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Buchanania lanzan:

1. Appearance:

Buchanania lanzan typically grows to a height of 5 to 10 meters.

The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptical in shape.

The small, fragrant flowers are pale yellow or greenish-white.

2. Edible Seeds:

The seeds of chironji, often referred to as "charoli nuts," are the most valued part of the tree.

These seeds are small, about the size of a lentil, and have a slightly sweet and nutty flavor.

Charoli nuts are commonly used in Indian cuisine to add flavor and texture to various dishes, such as sweets, desserts, curries, and rice dishes.

3. Medicinal Uses:

In traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), various parts of the Buchanania lanzan tree, including the seeds, leaves, and bark, have been used for their potential medicinal properties.

Chironji seeds are believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are used in herbal remedies.

They are also used for their potential to improve skin health and alleviate digestive issues.

4. Timber:

The wood of Buchanania lanzan is used for making furniture and small wooden items.

5. Conservation:

The tree has faced habitat loss and overexploitation, which has raised concerns about its conservation in some regions.

6. Culinary Uses:

Chironji seeds are a popular ingredient in Indian sweets like barfi, halwa, and kheer (rice pudding).

They are also used in savory dishes, such as pilaf and various curries, especially in northern Indian cuisine.

Buchanania lanzan is a versatile tree valued for its edible seeds and various traditional uses. The seeds, in particular, are an essential ingredient in many regional Indian recipes and contribute to the rich and diverse culinary heritage of the country.

image (picture of Anjeer) | Ficus carica | classification

Anjeer Fruits and tree with 3 meter height .

Ficus carica, commonly known as the fig tree, is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, Moraceae. It is primarily cultivated for its edible fruits, known as figs. Figs have been cultivated and consumed for thousands of years and are enjoyed for their sweet, unique flavor and nutritional value. Here are some key characteristics and information about Ficus carica:

Plant Description: Ficus carica is a deciduous tree or large shrub that can reach heights of 3 to 10 meters (10 to 33 feet) or more, depending on growing conditions. The tree has lobed leaves with a rough texture.

Fruits: The most notable feature of Ficus carica is its fig fruits. Figs vary in size and color depending on the variety. They can be green, yellow, purple, or black when ripe. The skin is thin and edible, while the flesh is sweet and contains small, crunchy seeds.

Cultivars: There are numerous cultivars of figs, each with its unique flavor and characteristics. Common fig cultivars include "Black Mission," "Brown Turkey," "Celeste," and "Calimyrna."

Habitat: Fig trees are native to the Mediterranean region but have been cultivated and grown in various parts of the world with suitable climates. They thrive in warm, dry climates and are drought-tolerant.

Culinary Uses: Figs are eaten fresh, dried, or used in various culinary dishes. Fresh figs are often enjoyed as a snack, in salads, or as a dessert topping. Dried figs are commonly used in baking, and they are a staple ingredient in many Middle Eastern and Mediterranean dishes.

Nutritional Value: Figs are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamins (such as vitamin K and B vitamins), and minerals (including potassium, magnesium, and calcium). They are also rich in antioxidants.

Medicinal Uses: Figs have been used in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits. They are known for their laxative properties due to their high fiber content. Additionally, figs may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Scientific classification of Ficus carica (Anjeer).
Kingdom: Plantae
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Tribe: Ficeae
Genus: Ficus
Subgenus: Ficus
Species: F. carica
height is approximately 2 meter with .15 meter girth.

Propagation: Fig trees are typically propagated through cuttings or grafting onto rootstocks. They are relatively easy to grow and can be cultivated in home gardens and orchards.

Dried Figs: Dried figs are a popular snack and ingredient in many cuisines. They can be eaten on their own or used in baking, especially in making cookies, cakes, and bread.

Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium image(picture)

Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium image(picture).
Height is 3 meter with girth .30 meter.
found in dry forest.

Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Indian Kino Tree, Malabar Kino Tree, or Vijaysar, is a deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It is well-known for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional Indian medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, for various purposes. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Pterocarpus marsupium:

1. Appearance:

Pterocarpus marsupium is a medium-sized to large tree that can grow up to 30 meters in height.

The leaves are pinnate, consisting of multiple leaflets.

Pterocarpus marsupium is a medium to large-sized deciduous tree.

The leaves are pinnate, and the tree produces bright orange to crimson flowers.

2. Bark:

The bark of the tree is dark brown to black and is known for its therapeutic properties.

3. Medicinal Uses:

The heartwood and bark of Pterocarpus marsupium are used in traditional medicine for their anti-diabetic properties.

It is believed to help in managing blood sugar levels and has been used as a natural remedy for diabetes.

The bark extract is often used to prepare herbal supplements and remedies for diabetes management.

The heartwood of the tree contains compounds with potential medicinal properties, including flavonoids and tannins.

In traditional Indian medicine, especially Ayurveda, it has been used for various purposes, including managing diabetes.

The tree's heartwood is believed to have antidiabetic properties, and extracts from it have been studied for their ability to help regulate blood sugar levels.

4. Ayurvedic Medicine:

In Ayurveda, the tree's bark and heartwood are used to prepare various formulations for treating diabetes and related conditions.

It is considered a "Rasayana" or rejuvenating herb.

5. Other Uses:

The wood of Pterocarpus marsupium is valuable and is used for making furniture, cabinets, and musical instruments.

The tree also provides timber and firewood.

6. Conservation Status:

Pterocarpus marsupium is listed as a vulnerable species in some regions due to overharvesting and habitat loss.

The tree has faced habitat loss and overexploitation for its valuable wood, leading to conservation concerns in some areas.

7. Research:

Scientific studies have explored the potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties of compounds found in Pterocarpus marsupium.

It's important to note that while Pterocarpus marsupium is used in traditional medicine, individuals with diabetes or other health concerns should consult with healthcare professionals before using any herbal remedies. Additionally, sustainable harvesting and conservation efforts are essential to protect this valuable tree species.

Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Malabar kino, Indian kino, or Vijayasar, is a species of tree that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to parts of India, including the Western Ghats, and other regions of South Asia. Here are some key characteristics and uses of Pterocarpus marsupium:

8. Timber:

Pterocarpus marsupium is also valued for its timber, which is known for its durability and termite resistance.

The wood is used in making furniture, cabinets, and various wooden products.

9. Cultural Significance:

In some cultures, the tree is considered sacred and has cultural and religious significance.

It's important to note that while Pterocarpus marsupium has a history of traditional use in Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes, you should consult a healthcare professional before using it or any other herbal remedies for medical purposes. It's crucial to approach such treatments with caution and under expert guidance.

Calotropis gigantea | Akdo , Arka ,Rui. | family

Family—Asclepiadaceae.

Common names :Akdo , Arka ,Rui.

A large shrub with milky juice ; common throughout the State in dry waste places.

Dried leaves are eaten by sheep and goats.

Calotropis gigantea, commonly known as the "crown flower" or "giant milkweed," is a large and robust perennial shrub or small tree native to several regions, including parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. It's a member of the Apocynaceae family and is known for its distinctive appearance and various uses. Here are some key characteristics and information about Calotropis gigantea:

1. Appearance:

Calotropis gigantea can grow up to 4-5 meters in height.

The leaves are simple, broad, and arranged in opposite pairs.

The flowers are striking and typically have five pointed petals. They are often violet or purplish in color, although white varieties also exist.

2. Habitat:

It thrives in arid and semi-arid regions, including deserts and wastelands.

Calotropis gigantea is well-adapted to dry, hot climates.

3. Toxicity:

All parts of the plant, including the milky latex sap, are toxic and contain cardiac glycosides.

This toxicity makes it unpalatable to most herbivores, protecting it from being eaten by animals.

4. Traditional Uses:

In some traditional medicine systems, various parts of Calotropis gigantea have been used for medicinal purposes.

The latex has been used in some cultures to treat skin conditions and as a folk remedy for various ailments.

The plant has also been used in traditional rituals and ceremonies in some regions.

5. Fiber Production:

The plant's stem fibers have been used for making ropes and twine.

6. Ecological Role:

Calotropis gigantea can be invasive in certain areas and has the potential to disrupt local ecosystems.

7. Cultural Significance:

In some cultures, the plant's distinctive flowers are used for religious or decorative purposes, including making garlands.

It is also associated with some Hindu festivals and rituals.

8. Butterfly Attraction:

The crown flower is known to attract butterflies and other pollinators with its nectar-rich flowers.

9. Potential for Pest Control:

Research has explored the plant's potential in pest control and as a source of natural pesticides.

Calotropis gigantea is a fascinating plant with a mix of cultural, ecological, and medicinal significance. However, it's important to handle it with care due to its toxic properties.

Calotropis procera | Madar | image

Calotropis procera | Madar | image

Scientific classification of Calotropis procera
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Asclepiadaceae
Genus:	Calotropis
Species:	C. procera
Common names :-Hindi. Madar; Marathi. Mandar.

An erect shrub with milky juice; common in the dry parts of the State.

Dried leaves are eaten by sheep and goats.

Plant Description: Calotropis procera is a woody perennial plant that can grow up to 4 meters (about 13 feet) in height. It has thick, fleshy leaves that are lance-shaped and arranged alternately on the branches.

Flowers: The plant produces distinctive, large, and showy flowers that can be white or lavender in color. The flowers have a five-lobed corolla and a central crown-like structure.

Fruit: The fruit of Calotropis procera is a large, inflated, and spiky capsule. Inside the capsule are numerous seeds attached to silky fibers. The fruit and seeds contain latex, which is toxic and bitter.

Habitat: This plant is well adapted to arid and semi-arid environments and is often found in dry grasslands, deserts, and wastelands. It can thrive in hot and harsh conditions.

Toxicity: Calotropis procera is known for its toxicity. All parts of the plant contain toxic compounds, including cardiac glycosides, which can be lethal if ingested. It is not suitable for human or animal consumption.

Traditional Uses: Despite its toxicity, some parts of Calotropis procera have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures. For example, extracts from the plant have been used topically for treating skin conditions and as a treatment for snakebites in some traditional systems.

Fiber: The silky fibers attached to the seeds have been used for making ropes, strings, and fishing nets in some regions.

Invasive Species: In certain areas, Calotropis procera has become invasive and can be problematic in agricultural landscapes, as it competes with native plants and can be difficult to control.

Drought Tolerance: Calotropis procera is known for its ability to withstand drought conditions, making it a valuable plant in regions with limited water resources.

Other Names: Calotropis procera is known by various regional names, including "Sodom apple," "Apple of Sodom," "Milkweed," "Giant Milkweed," and "Akund."

Calotropis procera is a hardy plant with unique and striking features. However, its toxicity and invasive tendencies make it important to handle with caution and not to consume or plant it in areas where it could become problematic.

Artocarpus integra | Phanas |Vanas

Scientific classification of Artocarpus integra
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae
Tribe:	Artocarpeae[1]
Genus:	Artocarpus

Common names :— Vanas , Chakki ,Panesa ,Phanas.

A largo evergreen tree; indigenous in the forests of Western Ghats : cultivated near villages throughout Konkan .

Leaves and rind of ripe fruit are eaten by cattle.

Artocarpus integra, commonly known as the breadfruit tree, is a tropical tree belonging to the Moraceae family. This tree is known for its large, starchy, and nutritious fruits, which are a staple food in many tropical regions. Here are some key characteristics and information about Artocarpus integra:

Tree Description: Artocarpus integra is a tall evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 20 meters (about 66 feet) or more. It has a straight trunk and a dense, spreading canopy of large, lobed leaves.

Fruits: The breadfruit is the most notable feature of Artocarpus integra. These fruits are typically large, green, and round or oblong in shape. They can weigh several pounds each and are covered in a textured, green skin. The flesh of the breadfruit is starchy and can be cooked and eaten in various ways. When ripe, it has a mild, somewhat potato-like flavor.

Culinary Uses: Breadfruit is a versatile food source and can be used in a variety of dishes. It can be boiled, steamed, fried, or roasted. It is often used as a carbohydrate source in tropical cuisines, similar to how potatoes or rice are used in other regions. It is a valuable food source in many countries and is known for its ability to provide sustenance.

Nutritional Value: Breadfruit is a good source of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins (especially vitamin C), and minerals (including potassium). It is also low in fat and contains some protein.

Cultural Significance: Breadfruit holds cultural and traditional significance in many tropical regions where it is grown. It has been a staple food for centuries and plays a role in various customs and ceremonies.

Propagation: Artocarpus integra is typically propagated through seeds, cuttings, or grafting. It is relatively easy to cultivate in tropical climates with well-drained soil.

Ecological Importance: Breadfruit trees have ecological importance as they provide shade and habitat for wildlife. They are also known for their ability to reduce soil erosion.

Conservation: The conservation status of breadfruit trees is generally not a concern, as they are widely cultivated and appreciated for their valuable fruits.

Varieties: There are several breadfruit varieties, and the taste and texture of the fruit can vary among them. Some common varieties include the "Ma'afala," "Ulu Fitiausi," and "Kamiali."

Historical Significance: Breadfruit has historical significance due to the role it played in the voyages of Captain William Bligh, who introduced it to the Caribbean as a potential food source for enslaved Africans. This history is often associated with the "Mutiny on the Bounty" story.

Artocarpus integra, the breadfruit tree, continues to be an important source of nutrition and sustenance in many tropical regions. Its starchy, versatile fruits are a valuable food resource and hold cultural significance in the communities where they are grown.

Artocarpus Lakoocha | Dahu ,Watchuli , Wotomb

Family—Urticaceas.

Common names :-Dahu ,Watchuli , Wotomb.

A large deciduous tree growing in the evergreen forests of the

Konkan and N. Kanara.

Leaves are eaten by cattle.

Artocarpus lakoocha, commonly known as Lakoocha, Monkey Jack, or Monkey Bread Tree, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree belonging to the Moraceae family. This tree is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia, including India, Thailand, and Malaysia. Here are some key characteristics and information about Artocarpus lakoocha:

Tree Description: Artocarpus lakoocha is a medium-sized evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 20 meters (about 66 feet). It has a straight trunk and a spreading canopy.

Fruits: The fruit of the Lakoocha tree is the primary reason for its cultivation. The fruit is typically green and spiky on the outside, with a large, edible pulp on the inside. The pulp is sweet and aromatic, and it contains seeds. The fruit is round to oval in shape and can weigh several kilograms.

Culinary Uses: The sweet and flavorful pulp of Artocarpus lakoocha is consumed fresh as a fruit. It can also be used to make juices, jams, and desserts. The ripe fruit is particularly popular in some regions for its pleasant taste.

Traditional Medicine: In traditional medicine systems, various parts of the Lakoocha tree have been used for their potential medicinal properties. For example, the bark and leaves are believed to have anti-inflammatory and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties.

Wood: The wood of the tree is sometimes used for construction and making furniture.

Cultural Significance: In some cultures, Artocarpus lakoocha is associated with various rituals and traditions. It may have cultural and religious significance in certain regions.

Habitat: The tree prefers tropical and subtropical climates and is often found in lowland rainforests and other forested areas.

Conservation: While not necessarily considered endangered, the conservation status of Artocarpus lakoocha may vary by region due to habitat loss and deforestation.

Propagation: Lakoocha trees are propagated through seeds and can be grown from cuttings as well. They require well-drained soil and warm, humid conditions to thrive.

Other Names: The tree is known by various regional names, including "Lakoocha," "Lakucha," "Monkey Jack," and "Monkey Bread Tree."

Artocarpus lakoocha is valued for its sweet and delicious fruit and is an important source of nutrition and income for communities in its native range. It is also appreciated for its potential medicinal properties and cultural significance in some regions.