Medicinal plants info

Medicinal plants and properties.
The Question comes Why we need medicinal plants in today's life, because
Medicinal plants are number of plants thought by some to have medicinal properties and uses.
We use medicinal plants as natural medicines.
Here we will talk about the best natural medicinal plants and their uses in human being.
so Get information on the history of medicinal plants , herb and its uses and the side effects.
Key to find out more about medicinal plants are:-
List of medicinal plants.
Medicinal plants and their uses.
Ayurvedic medicine.
Herbal medicine plant
Medicinal plants in india

Calendula Officinalis

Calendula Officinalis

Family:Composite


A winter annual ; it bears flowers of many colours from pale-straw to deep prange , single
and double . It is grown everywhere in gardens .Propagated by seeds .
A native of Mediterranean region.

Callistephus Hortensis | Chinese aster.

Callistephus Hortensis

Family:Composite

Common name:Chinese aster.

An annual plant comprises several distinct varieties with flowers of nearly every colour; coming in bloom from january onwards .
Nothing can surpass in beauty a group of them in full bloom .Propagated by seeds . A
native of China and japan.

Canscora Diffusa

Canscora Diffusa

Family: Gentianaceae

A much branched erect annual . Flowers , numerous , in lax , diffuse cymes; corolle tubular tube green , limb rosy; wild all over the state , flowers from October-january.
Worth growing in gardens , suitable for rockery .
Propagated by seeds.

Canscora Perfoliata

Canscora Perfoliata

Family:Gentiaceae

An erect annual , stem 4 winged , Flowers in paniculate terminal cymes ,usually in threes rosy , flowering in february wild in konkan and Kanara . Worth growing in gardens, suitable for rockeries.
Propagated by seeds

Celosia Christata | E.Cock's-comb

Celosia Christata

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Genus:	Celosia
Species:	C. cristata
Binomial name
Celosia cristata

Commonn names:E.Cock's-comb

A plant is similar to celosia Argentea but develops under cultivation monstrous and curiosly branched flower heads are showy.
Propagated by seeds.

Chrysanthemum Carinatum

Chrysanthemum Carinatum

Family:Composite

an anunual plant , bears daisy like floral heads with white and yellow rays and dark brown eye . there are two or three varieties .

Angelonia Salicarifolia

classification of Angelonia Salicarifolia

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae
Genus:	Angelonia Humb. & Bonpl.
Species

a herbaceous plant with lance-shaped toothed leaves , and bearing racemes of purplish-lilac
irregular flowers. it grows on the bank of ponds and remain almost constantly in bloom .
Propagated by cutting .a native of Tropical America.

Angallis Arvensis

Cassification of Angallis Arvensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Myrsinaceae
Genus:	Anagallis
Species:	A. arvensis
Binomial name
Anagallis arvensis

An annual herb ; stem 4 Angled ; leaves opposite , gland-dotted , flowers solitary
axillary , of deep blue colour with crimson eye flowering from december to april.
grows wild by the side of irrigation channels.
propogated by seeds .worth growing in gardens

Amarantus Salicifolius

Amarantus Salicifolius

Family:Amarantaceae

A gredeful plant , tall , with long , narrow , weeping leaves shaded bright orange-red.
Propagated by seeds; cultivated.

Amaranthus hypochohondriacus | The Prince's Feather .

Classificaion of Amaranthus hypochohondriacus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Genus:	Amaranthus
Species:	A. hypochondriacus
Binomial name
Amaranthus hypochondriacus

Common name:The Prince's Feather
.
A very beautiful annial plant with crimson stem , leave and upright plume-like crimson flowers .Propagated by seeds.

Amaranthus caudatus | Love lies bleeding

Classification of Amaranthus caudatus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Genus:	Amaranthus
Binomial name
Amaranthus caudatus

comon name :Love lies bleeding

A well known plants withdropping tail-like spikes of crimson flowers .
Propagated by seeds.
Common in tropics and temprate regions.

Althaera Rosea | Hollyhock

Classification of Althaera Rosea

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Malvales
Family:	Malvaceae
Genus:	Alcea
Species:	A. rosea
Binomial name
Alcea rosea

common name:Hollyhock

A hairy herb about 1-8 m.
high-leaves long petioled cordatavate 5-7 lobed . Flowers fairly large with short stalk of purple rose, yellow or white colours ; a native of crete and greece .
In bloom from January to march .Propogated By seeds

Davallia Bullata

Classification of Davallia Bullata

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Davalliaceae
Genus:	Davallia

Rhizome creping . frond triangular , four triangular , four – pinnatifid with deeply incised segments . Tropical.

Cheilanthes farinosa

Cheilanthes farinosa

Stipes reddish brown to black polished , naked near the base.
Fronds triangular in outline , bi-pinnatifid.

Blechnum | cartilaginem | Occidentale

Blechnum
Family – Polypodiaceae.
A cosmopolitan genus of ferns with 220 species. The following species are commonly grown.


Blechnum cartilaginem
Stipe scaly ,covered with short , hard , tubercular excrescences Fronds pinnate , broadly lance-shaped.

Blechnum Occidentale
Stipes erect , scaly , fronds pinnate , lance –shaped , acuminate.

Asplenium Dimorphum | Asplenium Viviparum

Asplenium Dimorphum

Stipe 15 -30 cm. long, naked, fronds about a meter long, ovate – triangular, of two kinds, fertile and sterile.

Asplenium Viviparum
Stipe firm, erect, greenish, covered with hair, pointed scales. Fronds not dimorphous, segments distant.

Asplenium Belangeri

Asplenium Belangeri


Stipe, erect, greenish, fronds with segments close.

Asplenium

Classification of Asplenium

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Aspleniaceae
Genus:	Asplenium L.
Type species
Asplenium marinum

Family – Polypodiaceae.

A large genus of cosmopolitan ferns. The following spines are commonly grown in gardens.

Aspidum Macrophyllum

Aspidum Macrophyllum

Stipes tufted, scaly below. Fronds 60 – 90 cm. long, pinnate, terminal pinnae 3 – lobed or segmented.
Aspidium Trifoliatum Bedd.
Stipes tufted, scaly. Fronds pinnate. 30 – 45 cm. long.

Aspidium Cicutarium

Classificationn of Aspidium Cicutarium

Class Filicopsida
Order Polypodiales
Family Dryopteridaceae
Genus Aspidium
Species cicutarium

Stipes scaly, close to the base.
Fronds variable in size and cutting, triangular in outline.

Aspidium

Aspidium

Family – Polypodiaceae.

The following species are grown in gardens in  State.

Angiopteris Evecta

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Marattiopsida
Order:	Marattiales
Family:	Marattiaceae
Genus:	Angiopteris
Species:	A. evecta
Binomial name
Angiopteris evecta

A handsome gigantic fronded fern. Frond 2-7 m. long Bipinnate rachis swollen at the base.

Aneima Rotundifolia

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Schizaeales
Family:	Anemiaceae
Genus:	Anemia
Species:	Anemia rotundifolia

Stipe hairy, frond with fertile and barren portions, pinnate, fertile portion panicled.

Alosphila Latebrosa

Alosphila Latebrosa

Family – Cyntheaceae.

Stipes armed with short or sharp elevated points. Fronds bipannate.

Adiantum Tenerum

Classification of Adiantum Tenerum

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Pteridaceae
Genus:	Adiantum

Stipe about 30 cm. long, black, polished, naked except at the very base which is scaly. Fronds 30 – 90 cm. long, triangular, 3 - 4 pinnate.

Adiantum Peruvianum

Classificaion of Adiantum Peruvianum

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Pteridopsida
Order:	Pteridales
Family:	Adiantaceae
Genus:	Adiantum
Species:	A. peruvianum
Binomial name
Adiantum peruvianum

Stipe strong, erect, black, polished, naked. Fronds simply pinnate or lower branches again pinnate or bipinnate.

Aspidum Macrophyllum

Aspidum Macrophyllum

Stipes tufted, scaly below. Fronds 60 – 90 cm. long, pinnate, terminal pinnae 3 – lobed or segmented.

Aspidium Trifoliatum Bedd.
Stipes tufted, scaly. Fronds pinnate. 30 – 45 cm. long.

Adiantum Formosum | Scientific classification

Taxonomy of Adiantum Formosum

Scientific classification of Adiantum Formosum
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Pteridopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Genus: Adiantum
Species: A. formosum
Binomial name Adiantum formosum


Stipe black, glossy, very long. Fronds long, 3-4 pinnate.

Adiantum Cuneatum

Adiantum Cuneatum
Family – Polypodiaceae.
Stipeslender, black bark on stem , naked stem in forest area , polished.
 Frond triangular, 3-4 pinnate.

Curcuma Zedoaria | Kachora

Curcuma Zedoaria

Family – Scitamineae.

Common Names : - Kachora.

Flowers yellow; flowering bracts green tinged with red; bracts of the coma crimson or purple; cultivated. Flowers in April.

Curcuma Aromatica | Ran–halad.

Curcuma Aromatica

Family – Scitamineae

Common Names :- Ran – halad.

Flowers bright yellow; flowering bracts pale – yellowish green; bracts of the coma, pink; will in Konakan, Deccan, Sinhagad near Poor, S.M. country.
Flowers during dry season or shortly after spring showers.

Curcuma Amada | Mango-ginger | Ambe halad.

Curcuma Amada

Family – Scitamineae.

Common Names :- Mango-ginger; Ambe halad.

Flowering bract greenish white, bract of the coma tinged with red or pink. Wild in Konkan and Gujrat. Often cultivated. Flowers –September.

Crinum Latifolium

Crinum Latifolium

Family – Amaryllidaceae.

A herb with a large bulb, leaves many, long, linear, bright – green. Flowers large, 10 – 20 in an umbel, white streaked with streaked with purple down the middle, fragrant; wild in the Konkan, Deccan, Lonavala and Bulbous and Kanara. Propagated by bulbs.
Worth growing in gardens as an ornamental plant.

Crinum Defixum | Family

Crinum Defixum

Family – Amaryllidaceae.

A bulbous herb; leaves linear, deeply channeled, thick, dark – green. Flowers large, 6 -12 in an umbel, white, fragrant at night, found wild in Konkan and S. M. country.
Worth growing in the gardens as an ornamental plant. Propagated by bulbs.

Crinum Asiztucum

Crinum Asiztucum

Common Name:- Nagdauna.

A herb with tunicated bulb; leaves linear, long, bright – green. Flowers large, 15 – 50 in an umbel, white fragment at night; found wild in the Konkan; often cultivated in gardens in the State. Propagated by bulbs.

Curcuma | Scientific classification | taxonomy

Curcuma Aromatica

Family – Scitamineae

Common Names :- Ran – halad.

Flowers bright yellow; flowering bracts pale – yellowish green; bracts of the coma, pink; will in Konakan, Deccan, Sinhagad near Poor, S.M. country.
Flowers during dry season or shortly after spring showers.

Curculigo Recurvata

Curculigo Recurvata

Family – Amaryllidaceqe

A herb with stout root-stock; a native of Tropical Himalayas, Bengal, Burma; leaves large, lanceolate; flowers yellow in heads.
There are many variegated forms.
Grown as a hot-house plant. Propagated by offsets and seeds.

Curculigo Orchioides | Kali-Musali

Curculigo Orchioides

Family – Amaryllidaeceae

Common Name – -Musali

A herb with a stout root-stock. Leaves long, linear; flowers rather small, bright yellow; wild in the Konkan, Deccan and Mahabaleshwar.
Propagated by offsets and seeds. Worth growing in the fernery or palm house.

Costus Speciosus | Koshi

Scientific classification of Costus Speciosus | Koshi
Kingdom:	Plantae
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Costaceae
Genus:	Costus
Species:	C. speciosus

Common Name :- Koshi

A tall erect tuberous-rooted plant; leaves large dark rich-green, lanceolate; flowers large white, numerous in very dense spikes; bracts bright red.
A common plant growing wild in swampy places in Konkan, Deccan and S. M. country. Flowering August-October.
When in blossom a most beautiful object due to the delightful combination of colours. An excellent plant in the neighbourhood of tank or pool in the gardens.

Chlorophytum Tuberosum | Kulai

Scientific classification of Chlorophytum Tuberosu
 | Kingdom:Plantae
Angiosperm:Monocots
Order:Asparagales
 Family:Agavaceae
Genus:Chlorophytum
 Species:C. tuberosum

Common Name :-Kulai

A small tuberous herb; leaves long with wavy margins; flowers white in short branched racemes; in bloom in July; wild in Konkan and round about Poona in pasture lands.
Worth growing in gardens for its wavy leaves and white flowers.
Propagated by tubers.

Canna Indica | Indian Shot, Kardali

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Cannaceae
Genus:	Canna
Species:	C. indica
Binomial name
Canna indica

Common Names – Indian Shot, Kardali
A perennial herb with tuberous root stock; bears small but vivid red and yellow flowers.
Found almost everywhere constantly in blossom

Canna Flower Image with scientific classification

A genus of numerous handsome leaved tuberous-rooted plants bearing brilliant flowers varying from white, pale yellow to deep crimson.
They have large Lancelot leaves 1-2m high.
Admirable as plants in wet soil round tanks and pools, in well watered beds under light shade or in pots in sheltered places.
A number of varieties are grown in the gardens. Propagated by division of root-stock.

Calathea zebrina

Scientific classification Calathea zebrina
Calathea images
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Marantaceae
Genus: Calathea


A genus closely allied to Maranta
It contains many beautiful leaved plants.
Propagated by division of tuberous roots.

Caladium

classification of Caladium

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Subfamily:	Aroideae
Tribe:	Caladieae
Genus:	Caladium

A genus of tuberous-rooted plants, native of Brazil, leaves large arrow-headed rich-green, spotted and bloched with white, pink, rose and red.
They are shade and shelter loving and are striking objects between May and October. Propagated by young offsets.
Most of the varieties cultivated are hybrids of caladium bicolour Vent.

Begonia Trichocarpa

Begonia Trichocarpa

Family – Begoniaceae

A succulent, small, tuberous-rooted plant; bears handsome white flowers, 4-6 at the of the peduncle; wild in Konkan and Kanara.
Worth cultivating in gardens.

Begonia Concanensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Cucurbitales
Family:	Begoniaceae
Genus:	Begonia

A succulent, small, tuberous rooted plant; bears a few handsome rosy flowers on elongate peduncles; wild in Konkan, Ghats and Lonawala.
Worth cultivating in gardens.

Asparagus Racemosus | Shatavari

Classification of Asparagus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Asparagaceae
Genus:	Asparagus
Species:	A. racemosus
Binomial name
Asparagus racemosus

Common Name – Shatavari

Extremely scandent, spinous undershrub with tuberous root-stock; flowers white, fragrant in simple racemes. Wild in dry deciduous and monsoon forests in the state.
Cultivated in gardens for its graceful feathery foliage and fragrant white flowers.

Anthurium

Classification of Anthurium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Alismatales
Family:	Araceae
Tribe:	Anthurieae
Genus:	Anthurium

It is a tropical American genus of more or less epiphytal growth, with hermaphrodite flowers, densely arranged on spadices, often with brilliantly coloured spathes.
Leaves leathery, large, more or less heart shaped, with a strong stalk, curved at the apex and often of brilliand metallic hues, relieved by prominent ribs and veins.
They are moisture and shade loving. They are handsome and form most striking features of green houses with their large ornamental leaves.
Propagated easily by cuttings; also by seeds. There are a large number of species cultivated in the gardens.

Alpinia Nutans | Nag-damani | champa

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Zingiberaceae
Subfamily:	Alpinioideae
Tribe:	Alpinieae
Genus:	Alpinia
Species:	A. nutans
Binomial name
Alpinia nutans

Common Names – Nag-damani, champa

A very handsome tall plant, a native of the East Himalayas, Burma. Leaves long. Flowers in long panicles. Corolla white with a tinge of pink, the lip beautifully variegated with red and yellow.
In blossom, generally, most of the year, thrives well in swampy ground. Propagated by division of rhizomes.

Alpinia Allughas | Taraka

Classification of Alpinia Allughas

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Zingiberales
Family:	Zingiberaceae
Subfamily:	Alpinioideae
Tribe:	Alpinieae
Genus:	Alpinia

Common Name: – Taraka

A stout perennial herb with stout tuberous, aromatic roots, leaves lanceolate polished; flowers large, numerous in succession, of a beautiful rose-colour, inodorous.
Flowering in the beginning of the rainy season.
Propagated by division of rhizomatous roots; found in S. Konkan.
Worth growing in gardens.

Agave Americana | American Aloe | Ghayapat

Classification of Agave Americana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Agavaceae
Genus:	Agave
Species:	A. americana
Binomial name
Agave americana

Common Names
English : American Aloe;
Marathi – Ghayapat

A stout shrubby rhizomatous perennial plant, with very stout, commonly variegated thick, fleshy long leaves. Cultivated in gardens as an ornamental and mostly as a hedge plant.
Propagated by suckers and bulbi

Achimenes Hirsuta

Achimenes Hirsuta

Family – Gesneriaceae

A small hairy plant; a native of Brazil. Flowers reddish, with yellow eye and spotted throat.

Achimenes

Classification of Achimenes

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Gesneriaceae
Genus:	Achimenes

A genus of herbaceous, tuberous-rooted, showy flowering plants; flowering during the rains, flowers with mauve, white, purple, pale-blue shades; suitable for hanging pots and shady borders; propagated by tubers.

Nymphaea Stellata | Uplya-kamal

Classification of Nymphaea Stellata

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
Order:	Nymphaeales
Family:	Nymphaeaceae
Genus:	Nymphaea

Common Name – Uplya-kamal

An aquatic herb with ovoid root-stock.
Leaves orbicular, with a narrow sinus, often bloched with purple beneath; petioles long submerged; flowers rather large, usually pale-violet, light blue or purple, faintly fragrant. Cultivated in the state.
Propagated by seeds or tubers.

Nymphaea Pubescens | Lalkamal | Lotus

classification of Nymphaea Pubescens

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
Order:	Nymphaeales
Family:	Nymphaeaceae
Genus:	Nymphaea
Species:	N. pubescens
Binomial name
Nymphaea pubescens

Common Names – Lotus, Lalkamal

A large aquatic herb, root-stock tuberous. Leaves small orbicular or reniform, dentate; petioles very long submerged; flowers smaller, red, pale-rose or white, opening in the morning only. Flowers all the year.
Cultivated in many places in the state. Propagated by seeds or tubers.

Nelumbo Nucifera | Kamal | Indian Sacred Lotus

Classification of Nelumbo Nucifera

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
Order:	Proteales
Family:	Nelumbonaceae
Genus:	Nelumbo
Species:	N. nucifera
Binomial name
Nelumbo nucifera

Common Name: –Indian Sacred Lotus, Kamal

A large aquatic hub with long, slender creeping stem rooting at the nodes.
Leave 0.3-0.6m in diameter, orbicular, cupped, petioles very long; flowers solitary, large, white or rosy, with many petals. Flowers July.
Cultivated in tanks in the State.
Propagated by seeds or tubers

Limnanthemum indicum | Kumud

Limnanthemum indicum

Family:Gentianaceae

Common names: Kumud

An aquatic floating herb with horizontal rhizome , with petiole like branches producing nodes , from which starts tuft of roots, a cluster of flowers, a single floating leaf orbicular and cordate.
flowers white with a yellow centre.
Flowers April-September. In tanks throughout the state. Propagated by rhizomes.

Eichhornia Crassipas | Water Hyacinth, Lilae Devil

Classification of Eichhornia Crassipas

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Commelinales
Family:	Pontederiaceae
Genus:	Eichhornia
Species:	E. crassipes
Binomial name
Eichhornia crassipes

Common Names :- Water Hyacinth, Lilae Devil.
An upright south American floating herb. Leaves with large swollen petioles; leaves erect panicles of beautiful mauve or lilac flowers. Grown in garden tanks, for its flowers; a floating trouble-some
Water-weed sometimes blocking rivers and water ways.

Zinnia Elegans

Classification of Zinnia Elegans

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Subfamily:	Asteroideae
Tribe:	Heliantheae
Genus:	Zinnia

A most beautiful annual with varieties bearing large, gay crimson, scarlet, straw – coloured flowers, froming quite a garden by themselves for a very long season. There is a double variety. Propagate by seeds.

Tropaeolum majus

Classification of Tropaeolum majus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Tropaeolaceae
Genus:	Tropaeolum
Species:	T. majus
Binomial name
Tropaeolum majus

A beautiful and showy annual; leaves having a form of a buckler and the flowers resemble an empty helmet.
There are many varieties. Some are dwarf, some are more or less climbing, producing flowers of various shades, pale straw - colour, orange, scarlet, dark crimson, spotted and striped. Propagated by seeds. A native of South America.

Tradescantia Discolor

Classification of Tradescantia Discolor

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Commelinales
Family:	Commelinaceae
Genus:	Tradescantia
Species:	T. spathacea
Binomial name
Tradescantia spathacea

A herbaceous plant; leaves large, upright , narrowly lanceolate, sheathed at the base , green above and purpole beneath; flowers blue or purple almost included within the bracts .
It is a striking plant.
Propogated by offsets.

Torenia Fournieri

Classification of Torenia Fournieri

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae
Genus:	Torenia
Species:	T. fournieri
Binomial name
Torenia fournieri

An erect annual , native of Cochin –China.
Flowers showy ,purple with broadly winged calyx.

Torenia Asiatica

Classification of Torenia Asiatica

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae
Genus:	Torenia

A diffusely branched annual.
Flowers 2 – lipped, bluish – purple with dark – violet lateral lobes. It makes a pretty basket plant in a moist conservatory.
Propagated by cuttings. Tropical.

Telanthera Ficoidea

Telanthera Ficoidea

Family – Amarantaceae.

A small plant. Its leaves take a fine crimson colour from July to September.
A favourite edging plant in the gardens. Native if Triopical America.

Tagetus Patula

Classification of Tagetus Patula

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Tribe:	Tageteae
Genus:	Tagetes
Species:	T. patula
Binomial name
Tagetes patula

A smaller plant than the above with smaller flowers. Propagated by seeds.

Tagetus Erecta | Marigold | Zendu | Makhamal

Classifdication of Tagetus Erecta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Tagetes
Species:	T. erecta
Binomial name
Tagetes erecta

Common Names :- Marigold; Zendu; Makhamal.

A small plant with erect stem and erect branches. Flowers, handsome, showy, yellow.
There are many varieties some with flowers as large and as double as ordinary sized Dahlias. Flowers in Sept. – Nov.

Swertia Decussata | Kadu

Classification of Swertia Decussata

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Gentianaceae
Genus:	Swertia L.

Common Name:- Kadu.

An erect annual; stem densely leafy, more or less 4-Winged. Leaves broadly ovate, flowers very numerous, white with blue veins, in dense clusters. Flowers October – January. Western Ghats, Mahabaleshwar, Panchagani.

Sesamum Indicum | Til

Classification of Sesamum Indicum ( Til)

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Pedaliaceae
Genus:	Sesamum
Species:	S. indicum
Binomial name
Sesamum indicum

Common Names:- Til.

A pretty annual, bearing large tubular, while or rose coloured flowers
. It deserves a place in the ornamental gardens, though it is cultivated on a large scale for its oily seeds.
Flowers Aug. – Sept.

Saponaria Vaccaria | Sabani

Classification of Saponaria Vaccaria

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Caryophyllaceae
Genus:	Saponaria

Common Names :- Sabani.

A tall robust annual; flowers in corymbose dichotomous cymes, sepals with 5 broad green veins, petals, clawed, rosy. Flowers Feb. A weed of cultivation.
Ornamental when grown in clumps and blossoming in great profusion.

Portulaca Grandiflora

Classification of Portulaca grandiflora

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Portulacaceae
Genus:	Portulaca
Species:	P. grandiflora
Binomial name
Portulaca grandiflora

A very low growing fleshy herb.
There are many varieties both with single and double flowers, and also the brilliancey and variety of colours.
Nothing is more beautiful as an overhanging for plant tubs. Propagated by seeds.

Petunia Violacea

Petunia Violacea

Family – Solanaceae.

An annual of compact habit, with small purplish violet flowers.
These two species are natives of Argentine, grown in gardens all over.
They are the originals of the many double and brightly coloured garden forms which are in cultivation in gardens.
Propagated by seeds , sets or layers.

Petunia Nyctaginiflora

Petunia Nyctaginiflora

Family – Solanaceae.

An annual of compact habit, with white flowers about 5 cm. in expansion, sweet-scented.

Paracarium Malabaricum | Kala-nisurdi

Paracarium Malabaricum

Family – Boraginaceae.

Common Name :- Kala-nisurdi.

An erect branched herb, 0.3 – 1.0 m. high. Leaves radial and cauline; flowers small, uniform blue in many terminal racemes fonning a dense corymb. Flowers Oct. – Nov.

Oenothera Rosea

Classification of Oenothera Rosea

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Onagraceae
Genus:	Oenothera
Species:	O. rosea
Binomial name
Oenothera rosea

A small pretty annual plant, a native of Mexico, is grown in gardens, especially on the hills, and thrives well at Mahabaleshwar.
It is about 30 cm. high and has pink flowers with obovate petals.

Monsonia Senegalensis

Monsonia Senegalensis

Family – Geraniaceae.

A diffuse annual, clothed with glandular viscid hairs; leaves ovate, cordate; flowers showy pink with long penduncles.
Flowers August. Throughout the dry districts of the State; hills near Poona.

Monsonia Senegalensis

Monsonia Senegalensis

Family – Geraniaceae.

A diffuse annual, clothed with glandular viscid hairs; leaves ovate, cordate; flowers showy pink with long penduncles.
Flowers August. Throughout the dry districts of the State; hills near Poona.

Mentha Arvensis

Classifiation of Mentha arvensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Genus:	Mentha
Species:	M. piperita
Binomial name
Mentha arvensis

Common Names :- Pudina.

A perennial erect herb. Leaves variable in shape, toothed; flowers lilac in whorls.
Planted in gardens all over the State. Temperate regions.

Lobelia Trigona | Karkholi

Classification of Lobelia Trigona

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae
Subfamily:	Lobelioideae
Genus:	Lobelia L.
Species

Common Name :- Karkholi.

A pretty more or less creeping small herb, with triangular stems and blue or violet coloured flowers.
Flowers August – Oct. Wild at Neral, Mahabaleshwar, Panchagni, Londa.

Kalanchoe Glandulosa | Spathulata | Floribunda | Kalanchoe Bhidei

Kalanchoe Glandulosa

Flowers yellow in dense paniculate cymes.

Kalanchoe Spathulata
Flowers yellow in dense cymose panicles.

Kalanchoe Floribunda
Flowers yellow, numerous in flat – topped corymbose cymes.

Kalanchoe Bhidei
Whole plant of reddish color; flowers, pure white, numerous in cymose panicles.

Kalanchoe beharensis

Classification of Kalanchoe beharensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Saxifragales
Family:	Crassulaceae
Genus:	Kalanchoe
Species:	K. beharensis
Binomial name
Kalanchoe beharensis

A genus of erect growing succulent herbs, growing up to 1-3 m. , leaves green or fleshy-orange, mostly very irregular in size and form. Useful for rockeries.

Isotoma Longiflora

Isotoma Longiflora

Family – Companulaceae.

A small annual herb with long-stalked white flowers, a native of W. Indies.
Grows very freely on moist rockerises in gardens. Propagated by seeds.

Impatiens Sultana

Impatiens Sultana

Family – Balsaminaceae.

An erect rather succulent herb, having bright scarlet flowers, with spreading petals.
It is really a beautiful object in conservations, thriving among foliage plants and ferns.

Impatiens Pulcherrima

Classification of Impatiens Pulcherrima

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Balsaminaceae
Genus:	Impatiens
Species

An erect annual, about 60 cm. high flowers violet purple, spur long curved.
Flowers Sept. – Oct. Wild in shady jungles in Konkan.
A very handsome plant worth growing in gardens.

Impatiens Balsamina | Terada

Classification of Impatiens Balsamina

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Balsaminaceae
Genus:	Impatiens
Species:	I. balsamina
Binomial name
Impatiens balsamina

Common Names. :- Marathi. Terada.

An annual, 30-90 cm. high; leaves long, alternate, lanceolate.
Flowers rose cloured, showy.
There are varieties with double flowers and different shades of colour from pure white to crimson.
The garden may be kept gay throughout the year on balsams only.

Helianthus Rigidus | small Sun-flower

Helianthus Rigidus

Family – Compositae.

Common names:- English:- The small Sun-flower.

An annual, a native of N.W. America. The flower heads have ray florets of deep golden colour and disk flowers dark chocolate. Propagated by seeds.

Helianthus Annus | Sunflower | Suryaphul

Classification of Helianthus Annus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Subfamily:	Helianthoideae
Tribe:	Heliantheae
Genus:	Helianthus
Binomial name
Helianthus annuus

Common names:- English. Sunflower; Marathi. Suryaphul.
A tall annual with large yellow flowers; very common in the gardens. Propagated by seeds.

Gynandropsis Speciosa

Gynandropsis Speciosa

Family – Capparidaceae.

An elegant annual, 1 m. high, with large rosy flowers in terminal racemes, and digitate leaves with 7 leaflets. Grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.
Propagated by seeds.

Gomphrena Globosa | Globe amaranth.

Classification of Gomphrena Globosa

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Amaranthaceae
Genus:	Gomphrena
Species:	G. globosa
Binomial name
Gomphrena globosa

Family – Amarantaceae.

COM. NS.:- English. Globe amaranth.

A tall branched annual with obovate-oblong leaves and large globose, yellowish-white or crimson heads of flowers, 2.5-4 cm. in diameter, with leafy bracts and pinkish purple bracteoles.
Flowers in August-March.

Gerbera Jamiesoni

Gerbera Jamiesoni

Family – Compositae.

An ornamental herb, a native of S. Africa, with flowers resembling Michelmas daisy, but orange-cloloured and deeply lobed rather large leaves. Propagated by seeds.

Gaillardia Pulchella

Classification of Gaillardia Pulchella

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Gaillardia
Species:	G. pulchella
Binomial name
Gaillardia pulchella

A perennial tall herb. The ray flowers are crimson tipped with bright yellow. The ray and disk flowers develop into tubular funnel-shaped florets and form handsom flower heads. An improved form of this (G. lorenziana) is very handsome and unique in its appearance.

Exacum Tetragonum

Exacum Tetragonum

Family – Gentianaceae

An elegant herb resembling E.Bicolor, but is distinguished by flowers with corolla lobes azure blue. Propagated by seeds.

Exacum Pumilum

Exacum Pumilum

Family – Gentianaceae

A very small herbaceous annual with tetragonal stem.
Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in lax cymes, bluish-purple, with prominent yellow anthers.
A beautiful herb. Flowers in August-September.
Pretty common in grasslands during the rains in Konkan and S.M.Country.
Worth growing in gardens. Propagated by seeds.

Exacum Bicolor | Udichirayet

Exacum Bicolor

Family – Gentianaceae

Common Name – Maharastra:- Udichirayet

An erect annual with quadrangular stem. Leaves very variable. Flowers showy in copious terminal cymes. The lower half of the corolla lobes white, the upper blue. Flowers in August-November; wild in pasture lands in Konkan, Mawal, Deccan, and S.M. Country; worth growing in gardens. Propagated by seeds.

Dianthus Chinensis | China-pink

Classification of Dianthus Chinensis

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Caryophyllaceae
Genus:	Dianthus
Species:	D. chinensis
Binomial name
Dianthus chinensis

Common Name – E. China-pink

An annual herb with stems swollen at the nodes and sessile linear leaves, a beautiful cold weather plant. Flowers of many colours cultivated.

Dianthus Caryophyllus | Carnation Karanphul

Classification of Carnation M.Karanphul

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Core eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Caryophyllaceae
Genus:	Dianthus
Species:	D. caryophyllus
Binomial name
Dianthus caryophyllu